Diet. Nutr. x�b```f``|������� ̀ �l�@qnk���rQ��F�R��L�w��h�i:x�IB-���e��\&�z��S 8�����b���%�#�sQ�����B��W9,�������e���G;E��r-��!�L �@�`���2n.Wm��&����W�*�ᣗIB>s�Z��wi$����3Q� ���D�i�̍)\'��Ʒ4��3q����]�j�4lTbZ[����"Z?O�����q�9�sН)��h���-\�F[�f[T�l~ֹ*`ic�e_����d9��� Although the interpretation of normal to high plasma copper concentrations with regard to assessing an individual's copper status can be difficult, there is general agreement that low plasma copper concentrations typically reflect a compromised copper status. Van Rij, A.M., M.T. Ahlquist, D.B. 25(suppl. Schoomaker 1986 Nutritional survey of highly trained women runners. Wacker 1987 Changes in serum magnesium concentration after strenuous exercise. 0000001430 00000 n
Biochem. Stromme 1973 Whole blood, serum and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations after repeated heavy exercise of long duration. Acta 127:19–27. Am. Gardiner 1984 Influence of exercise training on tissue chromium concentrations in the rat. Acta 145:267–273. Specific heats of silica minerals, halite, and cordierite, per unit weight 72 31. Nutr. 367–370 in Metabolic Adaptation to Prolonged Physical Exercise, H. Howard and J.R. Poortmans, eds. Physician Sports Med. While the current data for this idea are not very strong, it is in the literature that it should be considered a possibility. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in hot climates, the committee considers factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall calories. Int. J. Appl. Puhl, S.H., W.B. Refsum, and S.B. Res. Med. Mills, ed. Gardner, G.W., V.R. J. Activities included digging foxholes, building lava-stone walls, and walking. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. 1:219–222. Sci. Physiol. Rose 1983 Hypomagnesemia in a tennis player. Kaminsky, and J.M. 40:6–11. Am. Thus, overt iron-deficiency anemia does not appear to be a common complication of chronic intense exercise. Rubenni, M.A. Responses of Soldiers to 4-gram and 8-gram NaCl Diets During 10 Days of Heat Acclimation, 13. 58:252–256. J. Some of the observed changes in plasma mineral concentrations may be attributed in part to an acute-phase response, which occurs as a result of tissue trauma or stress. Lesmes, N.D. Neguin, K.A. Deuster, P.A., B.A. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag. Bass, and W.E.C. Kyle, P.B. Timmis 1991 Development of runners' anemia during a 20-day road race: Effect of iron supplements. By assuming a sweat zinc concentration of 0.5 mg per liter, it is evident that sweat losses in excess of 8 liters can present a significant problem. Cox, P. Snell, R.H. Vaugh, and E.P. Schoomaker 1987 Magnesium homeostasis during high-intensity anaerobic exercise in men. Deuster 1991 Biochemical indices of selected trace minerals in men: Effect of stress. 5:171–184. Aruoma, O.I., T. Reilly, D. MacLaren, and B. Halliwell 1988 Iron, copper and zinc concentrations in human sweat and plasma; the effect of exercise. Redistribution of serum magnesium into red blood cells (Abbasciano et al., 1988; Deuster et al., 1987; Lukaski et al., 1983) and into adipocytes (Franz et al., 1985) with exercise has also been reported. Lancet 337:757–760. 0000001126 00000 n
18:443–448. However, as discussed below, strenuous exercise does influence the metabolism of several minerals, and the amount of minerals lost via sweat (due to either intense heat or exercise) can be significant. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics. Sweat mineral losses were not assessed. J. Appl. Note that an intermediate value for zinc absorption was used for these calculations. 247:E88–E93. Dinarello, C.A. magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc—has been suggested to be influenced by exercise. (1983) reported a case in which an exercise-induced reduction in plasma magnesium was associated with the induction of carpopedal spasms in a 24-year-old woman. Zinc absorption from typical foods ranges from 10 to 40 percent (King and Turnlund, 1989); thus the type of meal fed will have a significant effect on the zinc balance of individuals exposed to the above conditions. Consolazio et al. To illustrate the above scenario, the following calculations can be made. McDonald, R., and C.L. Relationship to exercise. (1990) reported no influence of training on plasma copper concentrations in elite swimmers, and Singh et al. It is thought that this rapid postexercise drop in plasma zinc is due to a high urinary excretion of the element coupled with a shift in the distribution of the element from the plasma fraction into the liver (Anderson et al., 1984; Campbell and Anderson, 1987; McDonald and Keen, 1988). The mechanisms underlying the development of exercise-induced hypozincemia are presumably multifactorial and may include impaired absorption of zinc, excessive sweat and urinary loss of the element, and an altered metabolism of zinc (Anderson et al., 1984; Deuster et al., 1989; Miyamura et al., 1987). An exercise-induced erythrocyte uptake of magnesium, has also been argued based on the idea that it is needed for 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate synthesis (Lukaski et al., 1983). Nutr. Biochem. Consolazio (1966) reported that a considerable amount of iodine can be lost via sweat. changes in mineral metabolism, or whether dietary manipulations may attenuate some of the negative consequences of these changes, is an area of research that needs to be expanded. 29:449–451. Thus the report of low plasma copper concentrations in some endurance athletes (see above) is of concern. Given the frequent observation of exercise-induced hypozincemia and the potentially high amounts of the element that can be lost via sweat, there may be a need for zinc supplementation in situations where prolonged exposure to exercise and heat is anticipated. For example, it has been suggested that high levels of supplemental iron can inhibit the absorption of zinc (Keen and Hackman, 1986; Solomons, 1986). Sports Med. This value should be contrasted to typical dietary copper intakes, which are on the order of 1 to 2 mg (Pennington et al., 1989). 3A12501A283 (Military Internal Medicine), Subtask no. With regard to zinc, one component of the acute-phase response is an increase in liver metallothionein concentration, which can result in a sequestering of zinc in the liver (Cousins, 1985; Whanger and Oh, 1978). Jacob, P.A., H.H. Chem. This hypozincemia in endurance runners has since been reported by other laboratories (Couzy et al., 1990; Deuster et al., 1986; Dressendorfer et al., 1982; Hackman and Keen, 1986; Haralambie, 1981). J. Biol. 34:1379–1383. Laires, M.J., F. Alves, and M.J. Halpern 1988 Changes in serum and erythrocyte magnesium and blood lipids after distance swimming. Costa RG, Beltrão Filho EM, de Sousa S, da Cruz GR, Queiroga Rde C, da Cruz EN. Physiol. �� � } !1AQa"q2���#B��R��$3br� Urinary zinc concentrations in the active soldiers increased from an average basal level of 400 µg per day to about 700 µg per day during the study. Nutr. Frederickson, L.A., J.L. Diet. Given the above reports, it is clear that prolonged strenuous exertion can result in reductions in plasma magnesium concentrations. J. J. Appl. Lang, J.K., K. Gohil, L. Packer, and R.F. Eur. J. Appl. Ohno, H., T. Yahata, F. Hirata, K. Yamamura, R. Doi, M. Harada, and N. Taniguchi 1984 Changes in dopamine-b-hydroxylase, and copper, and catecholamine concentrations in human plasma with physical exercise. Cox, I.M., M.J. Campbell, and D. Dowson 1991 Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome. Goldstein, I.M., H.B. endstream
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Eur. During the 24-hour period, the men exercised at a moderate rate on a bicycle ergometer for 1 hour. 2, F.I. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):473-83. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005030. Stewart, G.A., J.E. Keen, C.L., and M.E. (1964) reported that chromium loss in sweat over an 8-hour period averaged 60 µg in men maintained at 37.8°C, a value that would be double that of the typical dietary intake of the element. 2:211–218. J. Nutr. 67:303–309. A parallel concern is ensuring that performance does not decline as a result of inadequate nutrition. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Singh et al. There are considerable data demonstrating an effect of exercise on magnesium metabolism. 274:153–158. Wade, C.L. Keen 1987 Hypertension-induced alterations in copper and zinc metabolism in Dahl rats. However, note that in the study by Singh et al. Basal urinary chromium excretions have been shown to be lower in individuals routinely engaged in strenuous activity compared to sedentary controls (Anderson et al., 1988), which suggests either that chronic exercise results in a partial depletion of body chromium stores or that it induces metabolic changes that result in a reduction in urinary chromium excretion. The simultaneous exposure to hot temperatures would be expected to accelerate the development of a marginal copper condition. ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. 1989 The endogenous pyrogens in host-defense interactions. Although concern for adequate nutrition for U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia prompted the initiation of this project, its scope includes the nutrient needs of individuals who may be actively working in both hot-dry and hot-moist climates. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. DR. Invest. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 2006 Feb;73(1):91-100. doi: 10.1017/S0022029905001494. Rev. Sports Med. Newell, B.F. Harland, R.D. Med. Lab. Chem. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. 0000001316 00000 n
sue iron stores, Snyder et al. Pulh, and W.S. 39:402–409. Anderson, R.A., M.M. Bryden, M.M. Lichton, I.J., J.B. Miyamura, and S.W. Ceruloplasmin copper has also been demonstrated to be transferred to apo-copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Percival and Harris, 1991). Rev. Coil. Am. 5:156–170. Physiological Responses to Excercise in Heat, 4. ���� JFIF � � �� @(#) Generated by TJ++ �� C Peterson, and K.H. The minerals calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, and copper aren’t impacted by heat (US Department of … (1991) observed no change in plasma copper concentrations in men engaged in intense physical activity over a 5-day period. Fed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. J. Appl. Am. Stern, M.E. J. Dis. However, there is considerable controversy about the extent to which exercise contributes to the development of iron deficiency. An additional possibility is that the increased ceruloplasmin output from the liver, and hence increased levels in the plasma, is an adaptive response by the body to an increased requirement for extrahepatic copper. Physiol. Hackman 1986 Trace elements in athletic performance. J Dairy Res. Stendig-Lindberg, G., Y. Shapira, E. Graff, E. Schonberger, and W.E.C. J. Clin. Prolonged heat treatment can destroy the fat soluble vitamins and the water soluble vitamins thiamine, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and biotin. (1985) have reported that providing highly bioavailable iron (heme iron in meat) or iron supplements (105 mg per day) can retard the development of low serum ferritin concentrations. Intern. Aviat. Chim. 30:910–917. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements, 9. Resina et al. Water Requirements During Excercise in the Heat, 7. 21:7–10. View our suggested citation for this chapter. 41:1177–1183. However, we have done a study (Lowney et al., 1990) where we looked at the influence of magnesium deficiency on erythrocyte 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate production, and it had no influence on 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate levels. 10:415–431. sweat contains minerals; however, the effects of heat acclimation on sweat mineral concentrations, or whole-body sweat mineral losses, have not been well studied (10–12). Thus a strong synergistic effect of prolonged exposure to exercise and heat would be predicted. Invest. Salt balance and rennet clotting properties of cow's, ewe's, and goat's milks preserved with carbon dioxide. Hunter, S.M. Rev. (1975) who found that, plasma zinc concentrations in men participating in a 5-hour, 70-km cross-country ski race were 19 percent higher immediately postrace compared to prerace values.
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